Translations for standard terms

  • an-ma (鞍馬) - horse with saddle
  • ba-shi (把事) - local commander
  • bai-fu-zhang (百夫長) - local company commander
  • bao (堡) - fort
  • bao-kan (保勘) - investigation of confirmation
  • biao (表) - memorial
  • bo (帛) - silk
  • cai-fu (財富) - (trading) manager
  • cang (倉) - granary
  • chao-gong (朝貢) - come to Court to offer tribute
  • cheng (城) - city, walled city
  • chou-fen chang (抽分場) - shipping tax office
  • chi (勅) - Imperial orders
  • ci (賜) - confer
  • cun (村) - village
  • dai-mei (玳瑁) - tortoise-shell
  • dai-guan (帶管) - guides
  • de (德) - virtuous power
  • ding-xiang (丁香) - cloves
  • du (渡) - crossing
  • du-hai jiang-jun (渡海將軍) - sea-crossing commander
  • duan (緞/段) - silk
  • fang-wu (方物) - local products
  • feng (封) - enfeoff
  • feng-biao (奉表) - present a memorial
  • fu (撫) - soothe/pacify
  • fu-yu (撫諭) - soothe and instruct
  • gao (誥) (appointment) patent
  • gong-zhi ( ) - inherit a post
  • guan (關) - pass / gate
  • hai-kou (海口) - sea-port
  • hai-men (海門) -estuary
  • han-shou (函首) - boxed head
  • he-bo si (河泊司) - fishing tax office
  • hu-song guan (護送官) - escort officials
  • huo-zhang (火長) - navigator
  • jian (箋) - salutory letter
  • jiang-zhen xiang (降真香) - laka-wood
  • jin (錦) - brocade
  • jin-chang ju (金場局) - gold-mining office
  • juan (絹) - thin silk
  • jun-jiang (軍匠) - military artisan
  • kan-he (勘合) - tally-slips
  • ku (庫) -storehouse/ treasury
  • li (里) - village
  • li-shi (力士) - standard bearers
  • ling (綾) - damask
  • ling-dui (領隊) - leading forces
  • luo (纙) - silk gauze (luo)
  • luo-sha (纙紗) - silk gauze
  • min-bing (民兵) - militiamen
  • ming (命) - order
  • mu-xiang (木香) - putchuk
  • nei-shi (內使) or nei-guan (內官) - eunuch (official)
  • pai (牌) - warrant
  • pei-chen (陪臣) - attendant minister
  • pi (匹) - bolt (of silk or cloth)
  • pi-wen (批文) - despatch notes
  • qi (綺) - fine silk
  • qi-gong (奇功) - outstanding achievements
  • qi-jun (旗軍) - platoon commanders
  • qi-lan xiang (奇蘭香) - qi-lan aromatic
  • qian-fu-zhang (千夫長) - local battalion commander
  • qu-kou (渠口) - canal-port
  • rou-dou-gou (肉荳蔻) - cinnamon
  • ru-li (如例) - in accordance with the precedents
  • ru-xiang (乳香) -frankincense
  • seng-gang si (僧綱司) - prefectural Buddhist registry
  • seng-hui si (僧會司) - county Buddhist registry
  • sha (紗) - silk gauze (sha)
  • shan-hou shi-yi (善後事宜) - remedial arrangements
  • she (舍) - settlement
  • she (社) - hamlet
  • shen-ji jiang-jun (神機將軍) - firearms commander
  • shen-xiang (沈香) - gharu-wood
  • shi (使) - envoy
  • shi-da (事大) -serve the superior
  • shui-ke ju (稅科局) - commercial tax office
  • shui-ke si (稅科司) - commercial tax bureau
  • su-mu (蘇木) - sapan wood
  • su-xiang (速香) - gharu-wood (su)
  • sui-wu (隨伍) - following forces
  • ti-zhi (替職) - succeed to a post
  • tong-shi (通事) - interpreters
  • tou-gong (頭功) - great achievements
  • tou-mu (頭目) - chieftain
  • tu-qiu (土酋) - native ruler
  • tu -she (土舍) - This is generally translated as "member of the ruling native-official family", in reference to the "native-official" (土司) rulers of Yun-nan. However, Professor Frederick Mote has advised that this term may have been used, as on the northern Chinese borders, to refer generally to a second-level functionary, regardless of whether he was a family member or clansman of the local ruler.
  • tun (屯) - post
  • wen-qi (文綺) - patterned fine silk
  • xiao-jia (小甲) - precinct deputies
  • xiao-qi (小旗) - squad commanders
  • xiao-wei (校慰) - commandant
  • xin-di (信地) - defended area
  • xin-fu (信符) - verification tally
  • xun-jian si (巡檢司) - police office
  • yan-lao (宴勞) - banquet in reward
  • yang-wen fu (陽文符) - relief-script tally
  • yi (議) - deliberate upon, discuss
  • yin-chang ju (銀場局) - silver-mining office
  • yi xue (醫學) - medical school
  • yin-chang si (銀場司) - silver-mining bureau
  • yin-wen fu (陰文符) - incised-script tally
  • ying-xi (應襲) - due heir
  • ying-yang jiang-jun (鷹揚將軍) - rapid-attack commander
  • you-cha (有差) - (reward) as appropriate
  • you-ji jiang-jun (游擊將軍) - mobile corps commander
  • yu (諭) - (Imperial) instructions
  • yu-hu (餘戶) - reservists
  • zei (賊) - bandit
  • zei-dang (賊黨) - bandit clique/gang (member)
  • zha (柵) - palisades
  • zhai (寨) - stockade
  • zhang-guan (長官) - chief
  • zhao (詔) - command, proclamation
  • zhao-fu (招撫) - bring to negotiated surrender
  • zhen (鎮) - commandery
  • zhuang (莊) - village
  • zhuang (樁) - stakes
  • zi (咨) - a despatch
  • zong jia (總甲) - precinct heads
  • zou (奏) - memorial