Archival Sources:
“CO 273 151/3357: Vote of $15,000 for Tunku Allum, Memorandum on the Sultan’s Grant, 11 August 1886”. The National Archives, UK, 1886.
“CO 272 153/14600: Tunku Allum”. The National Archives, UK, 1888.
“Death of Tungku Allum,” The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly), 25 August 1891. Microfilm Reel NL 1929. National Library of Singapore.
“Plan of Arab Street, North Bridge Road, Victoria Street, Beach Road, Sultan Gate and Jalan Sultan.” Accession number: SP007233. National Archives of India, National Archives of Singapore.
“Singapore,” Singapore Chronicle and Commercial Register, 7 February 1833.
“Survey map, 1822–1823.” NAS Accession No: SP0044502. National Archives of Singapore.
“Survey Map, 1893”. Accession Number: SP002989. Survey Department , National Archives of Singapore.
“The ‘Morning Post’ on the Straits Settlement,” Straits Times Weekly Issue, 22 October 1890. Microfilm Reel NL5210. National Library of Singapore.
“Topics of the Day, 12 May 1881,” Straits Times Overland Journal, 12 May 1881.
“Tungku Allum’s New House,” Straits Times Weekly Issue, 20 August 1890.
Printed Sources
Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir and A.H. Hill. 1985. The Hikayat Abdullah: The Autobiography of Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir (1797–1854) An Annotated Translation by A.H. Hill. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Bennett, George. 1834. Wanderings in New South Wales, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore, and China. Two Volumes. London: Richard Bentley. Singapore section reprinted in M. Wise, compiler, Travellers’ Tales of Old Singapore. Singapore: Times Books International, 1985, pp. 27–29.
Buckley, Charles Burton. 1965. An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.
Burkill, L.H. 1966. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Two volumes. Kuala Lumpur: Governments of Malaysia and Singapore for the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Chou, Cynthia. 2009. The Orang Suku Laut of Riau, Indonesia. London: Routledge.
Earl, George Windsor. 1837. The Eastern Seas or Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago in 1832–1834. London: WM. H. Allen and Co.
Foke Meng Leong. 2004. “Early Land Transactions in Singapore: The Real Estates of William Farquhar (1774–1839), John Crawfurd (1783–1868), and Their Families,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 77, 1: 23–24.
Hall-Jones, John and Christopher Hooi. 1979. An Early Surveyor in Singapore: John Turnbull Thomson in Singapore, 1841–1853. Singapore: National Museum Singapore.
Liew, Clement and Peter Wilson. 2021. A History of Money in Singapore. Singapore: Monetary Authority of Singapore/Talisman.
Logan, J.R. 1847. “The Ethnology of the Johore Archipelago,” Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 1: 336–340.
Perkins, Jane. 1984. Kampong Glam: Spirit of a Community. Singapore: Times Publishing for Kampong Glam Citizens’ Consultative Committee.
Sopher, David E. 1977. The Sea Nomads: A Study of the Maritime Boat People of Southeast Asia. Singapore: National Museum Singapore.
Wee, Vivien. 2016. “The Significance of Riau in SIJORI.” In France Hutchinson and Terence Chong (eds.) The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture. Singapore: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.